Explores whether and how modern presidents use executive orders to establish policy unconstrained by the legislative process.

During his first term in office, Pres. George W. Bush made reference to the "unitary executive" ninety-five times, as part of signing statements, proclamations,

How the executive branch—not the president alone—formulates executive orders, and how this process constrains the chief executive's ability to act unilatera

" Modern presidents are CEOs with broad powers over the federal government. The United States Constitution lays out three hypothetically equal branches of gover

Popular perception holds that presidents act "first and alone," resorting to unilateral orders to promote an agenda and head off unfavorable legislation. Little