Railway expansion was symbolic of modernization in the late 19th century, and Britain, Germany and France built railways at enormous speed and reaped great comm

This book, first published in 1971, details the Muhammad ‘Ārif manuscript which propagates the project of the Hejaz railway connecting Damascus with Medina a

Railway expansion was the great industrial project of the late 19th century, and the Great Powers built railways at speed and reaped great commercial benefits.

First published in 1936, Western Civilization in the Near East traces the spread and growth of Western civilization in the countries of the Levant and their imm